Betula nigra
River Birch
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River Birch (Betula nigra) - Description
B. nigra is native to stream banks and lowlands in eastern North America. It grows very fast in early years and eventually becomes a pyramidal tree 50 to 90 feet tall, and 40 to 60 feet wide. The young bark is pinkish, very smooth, and shiny; on older trees, the bark flakes and curls in cinnamon brown to blackish sheets.
River Birch (Betula nigra) - Blooming
Flowers are insignificant. Male and female blooms are borne on separate catkins on the same plant in spring. The male catkins are uaually longer than the females.
River Birch (Betula nigra) - Growth
Deciduous trees and shrubs. Birches do best with full sun exposure. Some species prefer sheltered conditions. There are many species of Birch. The tallest of these species can reach 100 ft. tall (B. maximowicziana). Attractive male catkins and fall foliage. Ornamental bark. Grow Betula in a small garden in small groups or solitary.
River Birch (Betula nigra) - Planting
In autumn, sow seeds in a seedbed. In summer, root softwood cuttings. Graft in winter.
River Birch (Betula nigra) - Pest
Susceptible to aphids, leaf miner and Birch borer. Other problems include leaf spots, viruses, anthracnose, rust, canker, and twig dieback.
River Birch (Betula nigra) - Interesting facts
Betula include around 60 species, cultivated for their autumn foliage and showy male catkins. They are found throughout the Northern Hemisphere in regions such as mountains, woodlands, moors, and heathlands.
River Birch (Betula nigra) - Soil and irrigation
Needs regular water. Does best in moderately fertile, moist, but well-drained soil.
